COMPUTER USE IN THE CAR INDUSTRY

Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets

All products begin with an idea, in the past, car designers worked (work) first on paper. At a later stage models were made (make) in wood or fibreglass. Now everything is done (do) using CAD (Computer-aided design) programs. These programs allow designers to work in two or three dimensions (2-D or 3-D) but most new designs are created (create) using a solid modelling program which allows the model to be viewed from any angle. It can also be viewed by engineers and executives anywhere in the world.

The models have accurate dimensions and the design files can be sent (can / send) to rapid modelling devices to produce a prototype. Before a single component is produced, programs will have worked out the forces acting on it. Crash conditions can be simulated (can / simulate) to test the safety features of the car. Assembly can be simulated (can / simulate) to work out the best way of building the car. This saves time and money.

For components such as engine parts, when the design is complete, the file is imported (import) into a CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) program. Here, all machining operations are planned (plan). The file is then sent to a post-processor which converts (convert) the data into a set of instructions in a form which can be read (can / read) by Computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools. These instructions are fed (feed) to a CNC controller which controls the machine tools which shape the finished product.

In complete Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), computers control (control) the assembly line and monitor (monitor) the supply of materials, ordering new supplies when needed. They can calculate (calculate) when tools need to be replaced. Computers also permit (permit) changes in a product to be made easily. Orders can be customized (customize) to meet the needs of a particular client. 'Special editions' of cars can be produced (can / produce) to attract new customers to a model, for example the BMW Mini.

On the assembly line, computer-controlled robots are used (use) for tasks such as welding and painting. Robots with sensors check (check) the finished vehicle for defects. For example, they can check the paint thickness and how well the doors fit.

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